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Thula (poetic genre)
Thula (; pl. thulas, from pl. ''þulur''), is the name of an ancient poetic genre in the Germanic literatures (but see below). Thulas are metrical name-lists or lists〔On the anthropological significance of making lists see now Eco, Umberto. 2009. ''The Infinity of Lists'' (orig. ''Vertige de la liste''). New York: Rizzoli.〕 of poetic synonyms compiled, mainly, for oral recitation. The main function of thulas is thought to be mnemonic. The Old Norse term was first applied to an English poem, the Old English ''Widsith'', by Andreas Heusler and Wilhelm Ranisch in 1903.〔Baugh, Albert C. ²1967. ''A Literary History of England''. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. Vol. 1. p. 32, n. 1.〕 Thulas occur as parts of longer poems, too; Old Norse examples are found in various passages of the poetic and the prose ''Edda'' (esp. Skáldskaparmál with the Nafnaþulur, Grímnismál, Alvíssmál), the Rígsþula as well as in the Völuspá. Thulas can be considered as sources of once canonic knowledge, rooted in prehistoric beliefs and rituals. They generally preserve mythological and cosmogonical knowledge, often proper names and toponyms, but also the names of semi-legendary or historical persons. Their language is usually highly formalized, and they make extensive use of mnemonic devices such as alliteration. For a number of archaic words and formulas some thulas are the only available source. The term and the genre may go back to the function of the Thyle (), who held the function of an orator and was responsible for the cultus.
== Examples ==
The different versions of the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicle'' start off with the names of the English rulers back to Woden in metrical form:
"Cynric () Cerdicing, Cerdic Elesing, Elesa Esling, Esla Gewising, Gewis Wiging, Wig Freawining, Freawine Friðugaring, Friðugar Bronding, Brond Bædæging, Bældæg Wodening." (after ''The Parker Chronicle'', ed. Plummer 1892-99)
The longest Old English thulas, though, are part of the poem ''Widsith'', listing, in the first thula, 30 kings, 54 tribes in the second, and 28 men in the third and last thula.
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